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The Nordic
grading system has evolved as the result of intensive cooperation
with the major international buying markets. Following a number of
major revisions during the 1990s, the world leading grading system
today is the Nordic Timber Classification.
It is, however, important to point out that we will provide timber
and softwood products manufactured according to regional customer
grading requirements.
WZ® sawmills are renowned for their ability to produce
sawn timber to exact cross-sectional sizes and lengths ideally
suited to a wide variety of construction purposes and industrial
applications.
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Illustrated below, with a
brief description, are some of the various PINEX® grades:
All PINEX® timber is kiln-dried to a shipping dry moisture
content of 20% and 17%
or less for surfaced timber in accordance with INSTA 141, or the
customer's own
specific requirements.
| Moisture
content levels in PINEX® timber |
Kiln-dried
for furniture
Room dry, joinery dry
Glulam dry
Planing dry
Air dry |
6–10%
10–15%
14%
15–19%
15–23% |
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The main grades are
A, B, C and D. Grade A, the highest quality is divided into
sub-grades A1 (highest) to A4. Grades B, C and D are not
subdivided. The lowest
grade, D, is for industrial use and has not been assigned
numerical values for wood
characteristics.
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PINEX®
Grade "A"
incl. A1and A2
(similar to US Grade:
B & Better Select and
C & Better Select)
For the most part blemish free. PINEX® Grade A
Boards are in demand as a top quality finishing
material and for cabinet work.
Example Grade A1 Pine (Sylvestris
/ Elliottii)
Example Grade A1 Radiata Pine
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Sound
Knots: on one face not permitted
Loose or rotten Knots: on one face not permitted
Knot-Holes: not permitted
Insect-Holes: permitted, surface affected
maximum 5% of the total surface area.
Wane: not permitted
Cupping: maximum deviation 3/16" (4mm)
Check: permitted, maximum 10%
Heart: permitted, maximum 5%
Blue Stain: permitted, maximum 5% Grade A1
and maximum 10% Grade A2
Splits: not permitted Grade A1,
Grade A2 permitted, maximum 5% and each
split should not be longer than 4" (10cm).
Wane: not permitted
Resin Pockets: not permitted
Bending & Curving: not superior to 1.5% of
the entire length.
PINEX® Grade A1 & A2 may not have
more than 2 of the above described
characteristics simultaneously, even if
they occur inside the established
maximum limit.
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PINEX®
Grade "A"
incl. A3 and A4
(similar to US Grade: No. 2 & Better)
Widely used for shelving, knotty pine paneling,
siding, cornice soffits and fascia, and a wide
range of other uses where a knotty type of
lumber with a fine appearance is required.
Example Grade A3 Pine (Sylvestris
/ Elliottii)
Example Grade A3 Radiata Pine
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Sound Knots:
(single or in group) permitted
Loose or rotten Knots: on one face not permitted
Knot-Holes: on one face not permitted
Insect-Holes: permitted, surface affected
maximum 20% of the total surface area.
Wane: not permitted
Cupping: maximum deviation 3/16" (4mm)
Check: permitted, maximum 25%
Heart: permitted, maximum 25%
Blue Stain: permitted, maximum 25%
Splits: permitted, maximum 10% and each
split should not be longer than 8" (20cm).
Resin Pockets: permitted, maximum 10%
Bending & Curving: not superior to 1.5% of
the entire length
PINEX® Grade A3 & A4 may not have
more than 5 of the above described
characteristics simultaneously, even if
they occur inside the established
maximum limit.
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PINEX®
Grade "B"
(similar to US Grade: No. 3
or Idaho White Pine Standard)
Used for a variety of building purposes.
Characteristics are limited to assure a pleasing
appearance combined with a high degree of
serviceability. In the US It is often specified and
sold as # 3 & Better which includes primarily
No. 3 with some No. 2, and occasionally
C & Btr., mixed in.
Example Grade B Pine (Sylvestris
/ Elliottii)
Example Grade B Radiata Pine
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Sound Knots: (single or in
group) permitted
Loose or rotten Knots: permitted
Knot-Holes: permitted
Insect-Holes: permitted, surface affected
maximum 50% of the total surface area.
Wane: permitted, on one face not exceeding
30% of thickness and or 20% of the width.
Maximum 40% of length may be affected.
Cupping: maximum deviation 3/16" (4mm)
Check: permitted, no restrictions
Heart: permitted, no restrictions
Blue Stain: permitted, surface affected
maximum 50% of the total surface area.
Splits: permitted, maximum 30% and each
split should not be longer than 16" (40cm)
Resin Pockets: permitted, maximum 25%
Bending & Curving: not superior to 2% of the
entire length.
PINEX® Grade B may not have more
than 7 of the above described charac-
teristics simultaneously, even if they
occur inside the established maximum
limit.
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PINEX®
Grade "C"
(similar to the US Grade: Stud).
Stud grade is intended for vertical framing
applications. However, PINEX® Grade C can
be used for many other applications.
Example Grade C Pine (Sylvestris
/ Elliottii)
Example Grade C Radiata Pine
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Sound Knots:
(single or in group) permitted
Loose or rotten Knots: permitted
Knot-Holes: permitted
Insect-Holes: permitted, surface affected
maximum 70% of the total surface area.
Wane: permitted, on one face not exceeding
50% of thickness and or 25% of the width.
Maximum 60% of length may be affected.
Cupping: maximum deviation 3/16" (4mm)
Check: permitted, no restrictions
Heart: permitted, no restrictions
Blue Stain: permitted, surface affected
maximum 70% of the total surface area.
Splits: permitted, maximum 30% and each
split should not be longer than 16" (40cm)
Resin Pockets: permitted, maximum 35%
Bending & Curving: not superior to 2% of the
entire length
PINEX® Grade C may not have more
than 9 of the above described charac-
teristics simultaneously, even if they
occur inside the established maximum
limit.
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C
Fir  |
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PINEX®
SHOP GRADE "D"
(similar to US Shop Grades)
Shop grade lumber products are
intended specifically for industrial use.
Example SHOP GRADE D
Pine
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Sound Knots: (single or in group) permitted,
no restrictions
Loose or rotten Knots: permitted, no restrictions
Knot-Holes: permitted, no restrictions
Insect-Holes: permitted, no restrictions
Wane: permitted, no restrictions
Cupping: permitted, no restrictions
Check: permitted, no restrictions
Heart: permitted, no restrictions
Blue Stain: permitted, no restrictions
Splits: permitted, no restrictions
Resin Pockets: permitted, no restrictions
Bending & Curving: permitted, no restrictions
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| Classification
in main grades by type, size and number of knots |
| Main
grades |
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A |
B |
C |
| Knots
per worst 1 m (3.28') length |
Number
of knots
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| Sound
and dead/bark ringed |
on
face |
4/2 |
5/3 |
6/4 |
| Rotten
in grade B and C |
on
edge |
2/1 |
3/2 |
4/3 |
| Sound
or dead, max. 10 mm (3/8") dia |
allowed |
| Knot
hole or loose knot, max. 10 mm (3/8") dia |
not
allowed |
Max. diameter of a sound knot on exterior face |
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Size of a knot in mm
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| Dimensions,
mm 16, 19, 22, 25, x 75, 100, 115 |
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20 |
35 |
50 |
| 125,
150 |
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25 |
40 |
55 |
| 175,
200, 225 |
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30 |
45 |
60 |
| 32,
38, x 75, 100, 115 |
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25 |
40 |
55 |
| 125,
150 |
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30 |
45 |
60 |
| 175,
200, 225 |
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35 |
50 |
65 |
| 44,
50, x 75, 100, 115 |
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30 |
45 |
60 |
| 125,
150 |
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35 |
50 |
65 |
| 175,
200, 225 |
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40 |
55 |
70 |
| 63,
70 x 75, 100, 115 |
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30 |
50 |
65 |
| 125,
150 |
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40 |
55 |
70 |
| 175,
200, 225 |
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45 |
60 |
75 |
Size of sound knot on the edge |
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15 |
* |
* |
| Dimension,
mm 16, 19 x standard width |
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20 |
* |
* |
| 22,
25 |
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25 |
30 |
* |
| 32,
38 |
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30 |
40 |
* |
| 44,
50 |
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35 |
50 |
* |
| 63,
75 |
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*
Equal to the thickness of the piece
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Other type of knots on exterior face and edges, intergrown
knots in grade A, B |
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Max. diam. % of the size of sound knot
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| Knot
clusters |
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70 |
70 |
80 |
| Dead
knot |
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70 |
70 |
100 |
| Bark-ringed
knot |
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50 |
60 |
90 |
| Rotten
knot |
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50 |
90 |
Grade: A = U/S old classification, B = V old classification, C
= VI old classification (export quality),
D = VI old classification (domestic quality) |
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Rough Lumber (Rough
Cut): Sawn,
trimmed, and edged, but the faces are rough and show saw marks.
Surfaced Lumber (dressed): Rough lumber that has been smoothed by a surfacing
machine.
Sub-categories are based on the number of sides and edges that have
been smoothed:
S1S - Sawn 1 side
S1E - Sawn 1 edge
S2S - Sawn 2 sides
S2E - Sawn 2 edges
S1S1E - Sawn 1 side, and 1 edge
S1S2E - Sawn 1 side, and 2 edges
S2S1E - Sawn 2 sides, and 1 edge
S4S - Sawn 4 sides
S/S - Saw sized (resawn)
Yard Lumber: Lumber used for house framing, concrete forms, and sheathing.
It is also known
as structural lumber. Yard or Structural softwood lumber
is further subdivided
into the following categories, based on size:
Boards -
Lumber must be no more than 1 inch thick and 4 to 12 inches wide.
Planks - Lumber must be over 1 inch thick and more than 6 inches wide.
Timbers - Lumber width and thickness must both be greater than 5 inches.
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A1 Spruce
